Engineering is so much more than just being a brain. The stereotypes surrounding the engineering profession can sometimes be a turn-off for students. We need to emphasize that a well-rounded personality is a great attribute to becoming a highly valued and esteemed engineer. To solve the problems of increased population, accelerated global economy, made to order products and environments, health and health care delivery, security, public policy and the public understanding of engineering, the engineer of 2020 will need the following attributes (NAE, 2005):

• Analytical skills
• Practical ingenuity
• Creativity
• Communication & teamwork skills
• Business & management skills
• High ethical standards
• Professionalism
• Leadership, including bridging public policy and technology
• Dynamism/agility/resilience/flexibility
• Lifelong learning inclinations

A bachelor’s degree in engineering gives a broad knowledge base and leads to a multitude of opportunities. Engineers with a tendency towards right and left brain thinking who are comfortable assessing and taking risks are on the cutting edge in industry, research, consulting, management, teaching, sales, business, and government. Engineering can require a tremendous amount of time and effort, but as technology continues to develop, the need for engineers will increase too.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on August 2, 2011

My year of adventure up here on Whidbey Island in Washington is coming to a close. As of next week, I’ll be back in my old digs in Springfield, Oregon. I will have the same old address and the same old phone.

Engineering Education Service Center
1004 5^th St
Springfield, OR 97477
(541) 988-1005 phone
(541) 988-1008 fax

This year has been amazing! I’ve made so many new friends and learned about so many cool careers in engineering (hint – I have a new book coming out this Fall).

Here’s a few highlights of the busy school year:

• I facilitated 12 Mother/Daughter TEA workshops totalling about 500 mothers and their daughters.
• I trained 48 teachers to facilitate their own workshops.
• I gave 8 keynotes/presentations to students, teachers, administrators and counselors about engineering careers.
• I developed a Solar Tractor Pull competition for 4-H students through a partnership with the SMILE Program at Oregon State University.
• My newest book, “The Maritime Engineer” was released in October.
• I held a webinar about enticing students into engineering (you'll need to register to view the presentation).
• I ran our 6th annual poster contest and our 1st annual music contest for students.
• I developed our newest blast pack kit, “The Hydraulic Crane”.
• I became a columnist for McGraw Hill’s Trade + Tech magazine.
• I wrote two Teacher’s Guides for Pitsco, and
• I was named one of the Nifty-Fifty most inspiring people in science and engineering by the USA Science and Engineering Festival!

On the personal side:

• I went whale-watching for the first time and supposedly, a Gray Whale did a special trick for us.
• I saw a barred owl and many bald eagles up close.
• I can now name many more species of birds.
• I saw a Giant Pacific Octopus up close.
• I had the pleasure of enjoying one of the most beautiful places on earth for a year.
• I spent some time in the San Juan Islands.
• I saw U2 in concert for the first time.
• I made it through an entire trip and workshop without my luggage.

Time for some R&R. I'll be moving and taking some time off in the next few weeks. Look for our new poster contest announcement in August.

Enjoy your summer!

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on July 11, 2011

I’m pleased to announce that I am one of the Nifty Fifty! The USA Science & Engineering Festival (USASEF - www.usasciencefestival.com ) is the largest celebration of science and engineering in the US and the Nifty Fifty (times 2) are the one hundred most inspiring science/engineering professionals who will help re-invigorate the interest of our young people, by going into a Greater D.C. School (including Maryland and Northern Virginia) to present to a local high school assembly in Spring 2012.

I was nominated by McGraw Hill and will join speakers such as: NIH Director Francis Collins, MacArthur Genius Bonnie Bassler, AAAS President Alan Leshner, Hollywood Special Effects Physicist Jim Kakalios, AIDS Researcher Anthony Fauci, Titanic discoverer David Gallo, and former migrant worker and now leading neurosurgeon Alfredo Quinones and 20 Nobel Laureates. See the following link for a complete list:

http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2012festival/schoolprograms/niftyfifty

and

http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2012festival/schoolprograms/lunchwithalaureate

I’m honored and excited about the opportunity!

Here's a link describing the Nifty Fifty Program in further detail. Hope to see you at the festival!

http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2012festival/schoolprograms/nominateniftyfifty

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on June 15, 2011

Last month, when the stars aligned and the birds began singing, I flew out to Lawton, Oklahoma for a dynamic, engaging and ultimately outstanding Mother/Daughter TEA training - 12 schools from across the state and one person from out of state were represented with over 20 attendees. Twelve toolkits were sent home for the now certified trainers (teachers and career tech and district administrators) to hold their own workshops across the state to recruit students for their pre-engineering and biomedical programs. Career tech is extensive throughout Oklahoma. A similar situation in Washington State resulted in increased enrollment for PLTW classes so I have high hopes for the movement that is taking place in Oklahoma. Stay tuned next year for the results.

I have just begun working on my training calendar for next school year so if you are interested in becoming a Certified Trainer and can round up at least 12 people, I will come to you. Just drop me an email and let me know you are interested.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on June 6, 2011

Engineering is a diverse and challenging field of study. With more than 25 major branches of engineering and 100 specialties, there is something for everyone who pursues the field.

1. Aeronautical / Aerospace Engineering - Aeronautical/aerospace engineers design and develop technology for commercial aviation, national defense and space exploration. They may help design and manufacture military aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and spacecraft. Within this field, they may specialize in the structure of the aircraft, aerodynamics, guidance and control, propulsion and design, manufacturing, or a certain type of aircraft. Commercial airliners, military aircraft, space shuttles, satellites, rockets, and helicopters are all within reach for talented aeronautical engineers, who may also be referred to as astronautical, aviation or rocket engineers.
2. Agricultural and Biological Engineering - Biological and agricultural engineering, two closely integrated disciplines often called biological systems (biosystems), bioresources, or natural resources engineering, are concerned with finding solutions for life on a small planet. Our swelling world population places great demands on our limited natural resources, and biological and agricultural engineers work to ensure that we have the necessities of life: safe and plentiful food to eat, pure water to drink, clean fuel and energy sources, and a safe, healthy environment.
3. Architectural Engineering - Architectural engineers apply engineering principles to the design and technical systems of buildings - mainly their structural, mechanical, plumbing and lighting/electrical design. Engineers need to be aesthetic as well as technical, creative as well as practical. They need to know if what looks good on paper is also technically possible.
4. Biomedical Engineering - The objective of biomedical engineering is to enhance health care by solving complex medical problems using engineering principles. Those who specialize in this field want to serve the public, work with health care professionals, and interact with living systems. This broad field allows a large choice of sub-specialties. Many students say they choose biomedical engineering because it is people-oriented. The field includes many branches: biomechanical, bioelectrical, biochemical, rehabilitation, clinical, and genetic engineering. There are also many sub-specialties within biomedical engineering such as surgical lasers, telemedicine, nuclear medicine, and clinical computer systems.
5. Chemical Engineering - Everything that our senses enjoy consists of chemicals in one way or another. Chemical engineers have worked on creating the purple rose that has no thorns, the caramel on a caramel apple, and even your tennis shoes. The chemical engineering profession has improved water and waste systems, created new drugs and drug delivery systems, and improved the crop yields for farmers. Most chemical engineers work in manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, design and construction, pulp and paper, petrochemicals, food processing, specialty chemicals, microelectronics, electronic and advanced materials, polymers, business services, biotechnology, and the environmental health and safety industries.
6. Civil Engineering - Traditionally, civil engineers planned and designed such things as roads, bridges, high-rises, dams, and airports. Because of population growth and a booming economy, however, the civil engineer now also designs new things such as underwater tunnels, new and better wastewater treatment plants, solutions for highway congestion, and special tracks for the magnetic levitation trains of the future.
7. Computer Engineering - Computer engineering deals with the many aspects of computer systems. These engineers may design computer systems, networks, operating systems, or software. They may design the future automobile dashboard computers that will monitor engine functions. Engineers in this field design computer chips, circuits, equipment, and systems; plan computer layouts; and formulate mathematical models to solve technical problems on computer. They design, develop, and test computer hardware and peripheral equipment. They also design, develop, and maintain software programs and software systems.
8. Electrical Engineering - The developments of electrical and electronic engineers are everywhere. There are thousands of electrical devices and systems available today that electrical engineers have somehow touched. Anything you plug into the wall – stereos, computers, microwaves, televisions, power tools, air-conditioners, and major appliances – has been touched by an electrical engineer. Even things you can't plug into the wall – satellites, cellular phones, and beepers – have been designed, manufactured, or modified by electrical engineers. Electrical engineers also work in areas that generate, transmit, and distribute electrical power to consumers.
9. Environmental Engineering - Environmental engineering focuses on the development of a sustainable future, preventing pollution, assessing the environmental impact of everything, water distribution systems, recycling methods, sewage treatment plants, and pesticide prevention. This fast-growing field offers a challenging and satisfying chance to protect the health and safety of people and our environment. These earth-friendly professionals concern themselves with preventing and fixing problems caused by industrialization. They concentrate on delivering better environmental conditions for the public through knowledge, research, a caring attitude, and common sense.
10. Heating, Ventilating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineering - Heating, ventilating, refrigeration, and air-conditioning (HVR&AC) engineers have dramatically improved our lives. HVR&AC engineers develop systems to create and maintain safe and comfortable environments. Airplanes, trains, schools, cars, and computer rooms are only a handful of the environments that depend on HVR&AC engineers.
11. Industrial Engineering - Industrial engineers figure out how to improve everything. They work with people to help them do things better. Industrial engineers save employers money by streamlining systems, often making the workplace better for employees too. They improve productivity and quality while saving time and money. Industrial engineers work on all type of businesses. They see the big picture and focus on what makes a system perform efficiently, safely, and effectively to produce the highest quality.
12. Manufacturing Engineering - Just as the mechanical engineer designs parts, the manufacturing engineer designs the processes that make them. Wherever there's a production process to be designed and managed, you'll find manufacturing engineers at work. They work with plant managers, production supervisors, CNC programmers, quality managers, product designers, and R&D staff on issues ranging from evaluating new technology and choosing equipment and suppliers to leading industry-wide standards development to reorganizing a plant into a more efficient production system.
13. Materials Engineering - Materials engineers design, fabricate, and test materials. They may work to make automobiles lighter and more fuel efficient by creating stronger and lighter metals. They may help to create artificial knees and elbows using special polymers, or they may design new materials for the space ship. A materials engineer can work with any type of material – plastic, wood, ceramic, petroleum or metals –and create completely new synthetic products by rearranging molecular structure.
14. Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical engineers is one of the broadest and most diverse disciplines. Mechanical engineers design, develop, and manufacture every kind of vehicle, power system, machine, and tool: jet engines, steam engines, power plants, underwater structures, tractors for food production, hydraulic systems, transportation systems, medical devices, sports equipment, smart materials, materials and structures for space travel, measurement devices, and more. Any type of machine that produces, transmits, or uses power is most likely the product of a mechanical engineer.
15. Metallurgical Engineering - Metallurgical engineers turn raw materials into useful products. Metallurgical engineering includes processing mineral and chemical resources into metallic, ceramic or polymeric materials; creating new high strength or high performance materials; or developing new ways to refine and process materials for new consumer applications.
16. Nuclear Engineering - Nuclear engineering falls into three major areas of benefit to mankind: nuclear medicine, agricultural uses and pest control, and nuclear energy. Nuclear engineers search for efficient and beneficial ways to use the power generated from splitting an atom, and they research peaceful ways to use nuclear energy and radiation.
17. Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, and Ocean Engineering - Naval architecture, marine engineering, and ocean engineering are professions that integrate disciplines such as materials science and mechanical, civil, and electrical engineering. These engineers and architects design, build, operate, and maintain ships such as aircraft carriers, submarines, tankers, tugboats, sailboats, and yachts. They also develop underwater structures, underwater robots, and oil rigs. They develop transportation systems, plan new uses for waterways, design deep-water ports, and integrate the land and water transportation systems and methods. They are concerned with discovering, producing, and transporting offshore petroleum as sources of energy and developing new ways to protect marine wildlife and beaches against the unwanted consequences of offshore oil production.
18. Software Engineering - Software engineering is on the cutting edge of technology. Software enables us to use computers. It is the translator between humans and computers. Without software, a computer would be nothing but ones and zeros. The current demand for software engineers far exceeds the supply. The largest employers of software engineers include familiar names such as Microsoft, Motorola, Autodesk, Netscape, Adobe, Symantec, Nintendo, and Corel. However, there are thousands of software manufacturers that hire software engineers.
19. Structural Engineering - Structural engineering focuses not only on the design and development of structures, such as houses, coliseums, bridges, and shopping malls, but on the design and development of materials that will create these structures. The structural engineering profession offers exciting challenges and potential for growth. Each day brings new and more sophisticated materials that will change the shape and the future of structures. Structural engineers must be creative and resourceful. They must visualize the framework of a structure and determine what forces will produce what loads upon it. Many structural engineers in California design buildings that are able to sustain ground-shaking (earthquake) loads.
20. Transportation Engineering - Transportation engineering is a branch of civil engineering that aims to allow people and goods to move safely, rapidly, conveniently, and efficiently. Transportation engineers design streets, highways, and public transportation systems. They design parking lots and traffic flow patterns that will prevent major congestion at busy intersections, shopping malls, and sporting events. They are involved in planning and designing airports, railroads, and busy pedestrian thoroughfares.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on April 25, 2011

As many of you know, in January, I moved to Whidbey Island in the Puget Sound. I found a beautiful place on three acres and it seemed like a dream come true. However, as winter marched on, I began questioning my decision. The snow and cold temperatures kept me inside.

Everything in life is a compromise and we all have an internal scale of compromises that we are willing to make. This winter, I found that I was compromising warmth for beauty. If I functioned better in the cold, this wouldn’t be an issue. But I’m not that person. Several times, I have been ready to pack it up and head South.

In this journey to promote engineering careers I’ve met people from all over the world that have all kinds of careers. Many tell me about their math phobia or a terrible teacher or lament about how they didn’t have the right encouragement. I’ve been continually surprised by the outpouring of personal stories and obstacles.

Yesterday, here on the island, the sun finally came out and I was awed by the vibrant colors and gorgeous views. The day was so nice that I completely forgot about the past several months of cold. Suddenly, I was getting what I came for.

A student’s educational journey is very similar. Sometimes they struggle with a teacher, or the subject. Sometimes the grass is greener elsewhere. But when those students come together for an engineering event, camp, competition or contest, the sun comes out and that entire struggle is suddenly diminished. Anyone who has been to a robotics competition knows exactly what I’m talking about. The excitement and intensity of the teamwork, the problem-solving, the strategic maneuvers – it’s contagious and often breath-taking as robot lives hang in the balance.

We all know that an engineering education is difficult and a struggle sometimes – we just also need to let the sun shine (A.K.A. hands-on activities, contests, real world connections, high levels of engagement, teamwork and technology) to motivate and help them get what they came for.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on April 19, 2011

Today, I'm happy to introduce you to an amazing person. His name is Reed Brockman and I believe he informally talks to more kids about engineering and engages more kids in engineering projects than anyone I've ever met. He is endlessly putting on events, running competitions and talking to teachers. Reed not only works as a Senior Structural Engineer and Inspection Specialist in Boston but he is also the Senior Vice-President of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers (BSCES) and the chair of its Committee on Public Awareness and Outreach. He co-founded ThinkFest, and founded the Ralph Salvucci Online Bridge Design Contest. The American Society of Civil Engineers has awarded him the Edmund Freeman Award for Professional Recognition, and the BSCES has given him the Citizen Engineer and the President’s Award. He is a one-of-a-kind advocate for engineering.

I met Reed back in 2005 and we stayed in touch over the years because we have the same mission. He has written a book about careers in Civil Engineering that will surely make you see civil engineering in a new light. I loved it so much that I wrote a Foreword for it and I know you will love it too.

Why I wrote From Sundaes to Space Stations

I have to admit, Celeste started it. She flat out asked me, “Why don't you write a book about Civil Engineering?” I'm a big fan of Celeste and her books, and I bring her from the left to the right coast every year just to put her in front of a group of kids and watch her enthusiasm for engineering rub off on them. As I listened to her, Celeste had repeatedly listened to me express my love for the civil engineering profession. She instantly saw the value of getting it all down on paper.

I think one of the things I enjoy the most in the world is seeing people (not just kids) being enthusiastic. In a way, I feel I get my energy from others’ enthusiasm. For example, when I see my kids get enthusiastic about anything, I love nothing more than to watch them run with it. I love when they can not get through reading a book because they need to tell me what is happening page after page. At work, I love my inspection crew and their unending dedication even in adverse conditions, which is a big factor in why I love my work. I even admire competitors when I see well-oiled teams working happily together. At the same time, I get so much personal fulfillment from what I do that I want to spark a similar enthusiasm in others.

For years, outside of my “real job”, I've been reaching out to the community by getting people excited about the work of engineers, especially civil engineers. Call me a hopeless romantic, but I really take to heart that our profession creates and maintains the systems that let a civilization run, while keeping people safe and healthy. I look at the world around me and try to pick apart all the systems that are developed. Some amaze me, some I just want to fix. Every bridge I work on is like a patient to me, and I enjoy looking at every little detail in the same way a crime scene investigator searches for miniscule clues. I think I share this feeling with many civil engineers: I take great pride when I have made the world a safer, better place and the world just moves on as usual, not needing to take heed of what I have done.

I didn't write this book to “convert” anyone. Some people will want to drive trains, some people will want to create infrastructure – that's just the way it is, and it's a good way. I just want this book to open eyes. I want readers to have a renewed appreciation for all the work that goes into keeping this big blue marble the wonderful place it is, whether they are kids or adults. Of course, nothing would make me happier than hearing from a kid that had never heard of engineering, that never considered that there is such a thing, and this book changed their life.

I am a big fan of “easy read” books. My favorite book of all time (Huckleberry Finn) is considered a kids’ book, yet I re-read it within the past 10 years. Although “From Sundaes to Space Stations” was written with a 7^th grade comprehension level in mind, the target audience is really much broader. I think Civil Engineers themselves sometimes need a step-back and overview that this book will provide. I think government decision makers and property owners needing civil engineering help will benefit from reading this book, helping them better weigh the value of taking on infrastructure related projects in relation to their many other needs. I think anybody reading this book will gain insight into how civilization works and the efforts that go on behind the scenes to help it run smoothly. This said, I am still looking forward to the day that someone tells me they read this book as a kid and it made a difference.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on March 30, 2011

In the wake of the disaster in Japan, many students may feel helpless and worried about the people that are struggling to find loved ones, get to shelter, and find food or water. If you are teaching engineering, you are in a good position to help them deal with their feelings.

On the Today show this morning, they said that the next big quake could be along the San Andreas fault in California (this fault line is completely on land so it would not trigger another tsunami). They also mentioned that the Cascadia fault off the entire West Coast is due for a tremor (this fault line is in the ocean so it would most likely cause a tsunami).

Because engineering is a way to make a difference in the world, here are a few ideas to get your students involved in infrastructure and disaster relief projects:

1. Your students can be tsunami engineers (this also works for hurricanes) as they try to design ways to protect people from the waves and water that crash onshore. Ideas I have heard from students include: vertical evacuation shelters, hovercrafts that can lift like helicopters, and Rocketman jetspacks. What else can they come up with?
2. Your students can work as structural engineers designing high rises, bridges or houses that can withstand earthquake forces.
3. Your students can work as industrial engineers planning how they would get food and water to millions of people in a devastated area. Or they can plan the most efficient way to get hurt people to a medical facility when the roads have been washed out or are blocked by debris.
4. Your students can work as telecommunications engineers that ensure cell phone networks can handle the load of everyone in a devastated area trying to make calls at the same time.

This is your chance to show students exactly how engineering is one of the most helpful careers they can pursue.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on March 14, 2011

Last week, we had an excellent Mother/Daughter TEA training in Tulsa. The purpose of the Mother/Daughter TEA event is to introduce girls to engineering in a positive and supportive way. The model of having mother/daughter teams is based on the idea that once the girl’s mother understands the wealth of opportunities in the engineering industry and sees that her daughter can do it, this will create a positive feedback system at home.

Many of the attendees were from the Tulsa Public School System (TPSS). If your school system is starting an engineering program and you are looking for a model, be sure you take a look at TPSS. When listening to how the district operates, the part of the system that struck a chord in me was their mentoring program. They have an engineering pipeline built from elementary all the way through high school. When the middle school holds engineering events or prepares for a competition, the high school students serve as mentors. When the elementary school holds engineering events, both the middle and high school students serve as mentors. This mentorship is a critical ingredient to getting girls into engineering. In general, if a girl can see another girl (especially one they admire) doing engineering or if an older girl encourages her mentee to be an engineer, the probability that the younger girl will take an engineering class is much greater.

TPSS also takes many different approaches to teaching engineering. Some schools participate in Project Lead the Way, the high school participates in both BEST and FIRST Robotics competitions, and the younger students participate in FIRST LEGO League (FLL) as a way to make engineering fun, interesting, and interactive.

There are going to be lots of girls in Tulsa that go into engineering!

The upcoming TEA training in Boston next month (registration deadline is March 17) is the last training event that I will hold this school year. All attendees will become Certified TEA Trainers. Certified TEA trainers are the only people that are allowed to hold Mother/Daughter TEA events in their communities. Not only does this save money for your school or organization, trainers are also eligible to receive TEA marketing posters and literature, resources for teaching engineering, and all activity supplies, prizes and other materials necessary to hold successful and engaging workshops. I hope to see you there.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on March 7, 2011

On a conference call last week, one of the women on the other end of the line said that she believes promoting Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) is about making a better world.

I couldn’t agree more. That statement gets to the very core of why I founded the Engineering Education Service Center and also fuels my never-ending quest to find more ways to reach students.

In the section, “Generation Y – The Millennial Generation”, from Generational Learning Styles by Julie Coates, she states that Generation Y’s preferred learning environment combines teamwork and technology. She goes on to say that this generation is made up of “confident, optimistic young people that feel valued and wanted”. They are the most diverse generation in history, both ethnically and socially, and they have closer relationships with their parents.

To me, this was music to my ears because it also means that there has never been a better time in the history of this country to promote engineering.

These students will thrive in hands-on and project based learning environments. They will appreciate having projects to take home to show their parents and also enjoy doing projects that promote social consciousness. We have all heard that a great way to promote engineering to girls is to make them see how they can make a difference in the world. According to the author, the socially conscious approach also works with boys – it just may take the boys longer to see the value.

Comment

Last week, I received four calls about how to hold a Mother Daughter TEA (Technology Engineering Aptitude). This event has been so popular! If I were in your shoes, I’d be trying to find out more information too. I know I have said this before but I can't say it enough -- this event is one of the best I've ever seen at getting middle school girls interested in engineering and technical careers. If you aren't holding one in your community, your girls are missing out on an extraordinary opportunity. I would have jumped at the chance to do this workshop with my Mom when I was growing up.

In short, there are two ways to hold this event:

1. You can apply to have me come out to facilitate the workshop or
2. You can come to one of our upcoming trainings at Missouri Southern State University on March 4 or in Boston at the Engineering Center on April 2 and become a certified TEA trainer. Being a certified trainer enables you to use our materials, resources and marketing connections to host an unlimited number of TEAs in your community.

If you are thinking of having a TEA in March, April or May, you need to get started planning right away! The best events are usually planned at least 60-90 days ahead of time. Email me if you would like a copy of our Concept, Overview and Guidelines for a Safe and Successful Event publication. It can help you get prepared.

If you are planning to attend a training, register right away to reserve your spot. The first five people that register for either training workshop (Missouri Southern State University or The Engineering Center in Boston) will receive $470 in Bonuses just for attending:

1. A complimentary copy of The Engineering PowerPack: 24 CDs on 24 Engineering Disciplines in their take-home materials toolkit. ($200 Value)
2. Both volumes of Teaching Engineering Made Easy ($70 Value) and
3. A copy of Pitsco’s Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Roller Coaster Engineering, Tetrix R/C Robotics and Tetrix Autonomous Robotics Teacher’s Guides! ($200 Value)

This promotion is strictly first come, first served, and “The first 5 people” means the sixth person doesn’t get the bonuses. You may be able to win these items at the event but winning means you have to beat everyone else that is also trying to win.

Comment

Posted by Celeste Baine on January 23, 2011